Diesel: A type of gasoline refined from crude oil that fuels vehicles [3]
Crude Oil: Obtained through drilling and then refined[3]
Global Warming: Scientists think that Global Warming is caused by too much carbon dioxide and methane, which is frequently through production and use of fossil fuels, on the Earth, which raises the Earths temperature. That makes ice melt, which would change the temperature in different areas.[3]
Nonrenewable Energy: An energy resource that is irreplaceable, like most fossil fuels.[3]
Natural Gas: The cleanest Fossil Fuel and releases half the carbon dioxide than coal. [2]
Coal: The fossil fuel that releases lots of carbon dioxide when burned and is most popular for energy generation. People are working to achieve cleaner ways to obtain energy from coal.[3]
Barrel: Unit of measure with oil. [3]
There are three major Fossil Fuels: Coal, Natural Gas and Oil.
Natural Gas:
A Storage Container for Natural Gas
Advantages [1]:
- Natural Gas burns clean meaning no pollution
- 70% less carbon dioxide compared to other Fossil Fuels
- Helps improve quality of air and water
- Inexpensive compared to coal
- No odor until added
Disadvantages [1]:
- Not a renewable source
- It costs more to recover the remaining natural gas because of flow, access, etc.
How Natural Gas is obtained and processed [8]:
1. Experts drill into the ground and extract the natural gas.
2. Natural Gas is moved into storage containers and burned under a container of water.
3. Water turns into steam and causes the turbine to spin.
4. Turbine turns the generator, which makes electricity.
How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure:
In step 2, kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy.
In step 3, chemical potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
In step 4, kinetic energy is transformed to electric energy.
Video Commercial by Spectra Energy for Natural Gas [10]
Oil:
Advantages [1]:
An Oil Station
- One of the most abundant energy resources
- high heating value
- Liquid form makes transport use easy
- Relatively inexpensive
- No new technology needed to use it.
Disadvantages [1]:
- Oil burning creates carbon emissions
- Finite resources
- Oil recovery not efficient enough, the technology needs development for better yields - Drilling for oil is bad for the environment
- Ship transport can have spills, which damage the environment and economy
This article is about how Obama and his views on offshore drilling. Obama wants the energy for the oil offshore drilling to reduce gas prices for the United States.
How Oil is obtained and processed [9]:
1. Crude oil is withdrawn from the ground.
2. Oil shipped to refinery.
3. Oil refined by being being heated, vaporized and then condensed.
4. Refined oil is packaged in barrels and sent to various parts of the world.
5. Oil is burned for energy, fuel and other purposes.
How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure [4]:
In step 3, chemical potential turns into heat energy.
In step 5, chemical potential turns into heat energy, which then turns into electrical energy.
`
Video about the production of oil [11]
Coal:
Advantages [5]:
- World reserves of coal are very large and will last another 200 years at the current average rate of consumption
- Reserves are spread out so that those who need it most have the most of it (this means the US currently has the most coal reserves in the world)
- Cheap. Inexpensive both to extract and use
- Reliable
- Many coal plants burn not only coal but oil and biomass
- Fairly efficient
- New filters eliminate 99% of smoke particles and 95% of carbon released
Disadvantages[5]:
- Cannot be used for transport purposes
- High pollution levels due to coal burning, especially in older plants. Sulfur in coal creates sulphur dioxide when burnt. This becomes sulphur acid and contributes to acid rain, an irritant to the lungs and a destroyer of rain forests.
-Non-renewable
-Smoke generated by burning can cause health problems
Different types of coal mining [6]:
Surface Mining has been the most common method of mining since the 1970's. It accounts for 60% of all mining in the world. There are several steps involved in surface mining which are frequently being updated.
Underground Mining is used when the land is too hilly or deep for surface mining. It is used mostly east of the Mississippi River, especially in the Appalachian region. Methods used vary depending on the coal seam. If the seam appears at the surface, a horizontally driven drift mine is built. If the coal seam is relatively close to the surface, a slope mine, a slanting mine from the surface to the mine, is constructed. When the coal seam is longer distance away from the surface, a shaft mine, a vertical shaft dug into the ground which is most commonly used in underground mining, is built. The pressure present in shaft mines is considerable. Often, as much as half of the coal is kept in place to support the shaft.
How Coal is obtained and processed [7]:
1. Coal reserves are found and drilled into. 2. The coal is placed onto a conveyor which then feeds the coal into a pulverizer.
3. The coal is pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with air and blown into the boiler.
4. The combination of coal and air ignites in the boiler, which turns purified water being pumped through tubes inside the boiler into steam.
5. The steam turns the turbine, which spins the generator which creates electrical energy.
How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure:
In step 1, during the process of unloading the coal from the conveyor belt into the pulverizer, gravitational potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
In step 2, the mixing of air and coal creates chemical potential energy.
In step 3, chemical potential energy is turned into heat energy.
In step 4, when the turbine starts turning, kinetic energy is present and it turns the generator, which makes electrical energy.
Fossil Fuels - Dig In
By Aaron Sipser and Adrian Sands
Vocabulary:Diesel: A type of gasoline refined from crude oil that fuels vehicles [3]
Crude Oil: Obtained through drilling and then refined [3]
Global Warming: Scientists think that Global Warming is caused by too much carbon dioxide and methane, which is frequently through production and use of fossil fuels, on the Earth, which raises the Earths temperature. That makes ice melt, which would change the temperature in different areas. [3]
Nonrenewable Energy: An energy resource that is irreplaceable, like most fossil fuels.[3]
Natural Gas: The cleanest Fossil Fuel and releases half the carbon dioxide than coal. [2]
Coal: The fossil fuel that releases lots of carbon dioxide when burned and is most popular for energy generation. People are working to achieve cleaner ways to obtain energy from coal.[3]
Barrel: Unit of measure with oil. [3]
There are three major Fossil Fuels: Coal, Natural Gas and Oil.
Natural Gas:
A Storage Container for Natural Gas
Advantages [1]:
- Natural Gas burns clean meaning no pollution
- 70% less carbon dioxide compared to other Fossil Fuels
- Helps improve quality of air and water
- Inexpensive compared to coal
- No odor until added
Disadvantages [1]:
- Not a renewable source
- It costs more to recover the remaining natural gas because of flow, access, etc.
How Natural Gas is obtained and processed [8]:
1. Experts drill into the ground and extract the natural gas.
2. Natural Gas is moved into storage containers and burned under a container of water.
3. Water turns into steam and causes the turbine to spin.
4. Turbine turns the generator, which makes electricity.
How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure:In step 2, kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy.
In step 3, chemical potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
In step 4, kinetic energy is transformed to electric energy.
Video Commercial by Spectra Energy for Natural Gas [10]
Oil:Advantages [1]:
- One of the most abundant energy resources
- high heating value
- Liquid form makes transport use easy
- Relatively inexpensive
- No new technology needed to use it.
Disadvantages [1]:
- Oil burning creates carbon emissions
- Finite resources
- Oil recovery not efficient enough, the technology needs development for better yields - Drilling for oil is bad for the environment
- Ship transport can have spills, which damage the environment and economy
Obama and his views of offshore drilling <http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/08/02/campaign.wrap/>
This article is about how Obama and his views on offshore drilling. Obama wants the energy for the oil offshore drilling to reduce gas prices for the United States.
How Oil is obtained and processed [9]:
1. Crude oil is withdrawn from the ground.
2. Oil shipped to refinery.
3. Oil refined by being being heated, vaporized and then condensed.
4. Refined oil is packaged in barrels and sent to various parts of the world.
5. Oil is burned for energy, fuel and other purposes.
How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure [4]:In step 3, chemical potential turns into heat energy.
In step 5, chemical potential turns into heat energy, which then turns into electrical energy.
`
Video about the production of oil [11]
Coal:
Advantages [5]:
- World reserves of coal are very large and will last another 200 years at the current average rate of consumption
- Reserves are spread out so that those who need it most have the most of it (this means the US currently has the most coal reserves in the world)
- Cheap. Inexpensive both to extract and use
- Reliable
- Many coal plants burn not only coal but oil and biomass
- Fairly efficient
- New filters eliminate 99% of smoke particles and 95% of carbon released
Disadvantages[5]:
- Cannot be used for transport purposes
- High pollution levels due to coal burning, especially in older plants. Sulfur in coal creates sulphur dioxide when burnt. This becomes sulphur acid and contributes to acid rain, an irritant to the lungs and a destroyer of rain forests.
-Non-renewable
-Smoke generated by burning can cause health problems
Different types of coal mining [6]:
Surface Mining has been the most common method of mining since the 1970's. It accounts for 60% of all mining in the world. There are several steps involved in surface mining which are frequently being updated.
Underground Mining is used when the land is too hilly or deep for surface mining. It is used mostly east of the Mississippi River, especially in the Appalachian region. Methods used vary depending on the coal seam. If the seam appears at the surface, a horizontally driven drift mine is built. If the coal seam is relatively close to the surface, a slope mine, a slanting mine from the surface to the mine, is constructed. When the coal seam is longer distance away from the surface, a shaft mine, a vertical shaft dug into the ground which is most commonly used in underground mining, is built. The pressure present in shaft mines is considerable. Often, as much as half of the coal is kept in place to support the shaft.
How Coal is obtained and processed [7]:
1. Coal reserves are found and drilled into.2. The coal is placed onto a conveyor which then feeds the coal into a pulverizer.
3. The coal is pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with air and blown into the boiler.
4. The combination of coal and air ignites in the boiler, which turns purified water being pumped through tubes inside the boiler into steam.
5. The steam turns the turbine, which spins the generator which creates electrical energy.
How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure:
In step 1, during the process of unloading the coal from the conveyor belt into the pulverizer, gravitational potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
In step 2, the mixing of air and coal creates chemical potential energy.
In step 3, chemical potential energy is turned into heat energy.
In step 4, when the turbine starts turning, kinetic energy is present and it turns the generator, which makes electrical energy.
Video of Coal by ACCCE [12]
Bibliography:
- [1] Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Resources. Southern Polytechnic State University. April 5th 2010. <http://www.spsu.edu/tmgt/vasa-sideris/MGNT4125/ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm>
- [2] Background. NaturalGas.org, April 6th 2010, <http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/background.asp>
- [3] Morris, Neil. Fossil Fuels. North Mankota, Minnesota: Smart Apple Media, 2007.
- [4] Chauvin, Dominique. Saving Energy in the Oil and Gas Industry. 2007, IPIECA. April 5 2010 <http://www.ipieca.org/activities/general/downloads/Saving_Enery.pdf>
- [5] The future of coal. planete-energies.com. Apr. 7 2010. <http://www.planete-energies.com/content/coal/future.html>
- [6] coal energy. 2006. Virtual Science Fair Inc. Apr. 7 2010. <http://www.odec.ca/projects/2006/wong6j2/coal.html#top>
- [7] How a Coal-fired Power Plant Work., Sept. 16, 2004, Canadian Clean Power Coalition, Apr. 11 2010 <http://www.canadiancleanpowercoalition.com/Customer/CCPC/CCPCWEBSITE.NSF/AllDoc/9D9A829BA5468A3A8725697B007D2DA2?OpenDocument>
- [8] Sipser, Michael. Personal Interview, April 11 2010.
- [9] How Oil Refining Works. 2010. HowStuffWorks. Apr. 11 2010. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining3.htm>
- [10] Facts About Natural Gas. The Natural Choice. Spectra Energy, Sept. 16. 2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E63AOxhC4hQ&feature=player_embedded>
- [11] Production of Oil. EnergyTomorrow.org, Nov. 4 2008, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz7eNXyLBC4&feature=player_embedded>
- [12] Clean Coal Ad. Americaspower.org, Oct. 9, 2008 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmVDu_gIpc4&feature=player_embedded>